Infiltrating the Internet, Part 1

Everybody's talking about the Internet, including many who don't have a clue about what it actually is. Long-time readers of this column know of my passion for communicating via computer, so it should be no surprise that I am up to my eyebrows in "the Net." Is it useful for screen printers at this point? I think so, and more than a few printers are finding out the same thing. It isn't a huge group yet, but as the numbers grow, so will the utility of being part of the Net.

You can safely ignore the naysayers who tell you that the Internet isn't important, useful, or ready. And you can certainly ignore the cretins who paint it as "83.5% pornographic," as a quickly-discredited cover story in the July 3 issue of Time magazine boldly proclaimed.

What, actually, is the Internet? In many ways, it is a completely uncontrolled riot. Imagine the world's largest county fair, with no rules about who can put up a booth, what hours they can keep, or what obscure politician can speak from a soapbox while handing out lollipops. Unlike traditional fairs, however, Internet users have personal computers instead of booths, and the Internet itself is the result of electronically joining millions of these users in one global network.

The original Internet, called DARPANET, was operated by the US government under the auspices of the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency and served as a communication link between high-level scientists around the country. It allowed researchers at any member school or military base to access super computers and other expensive resources without leaving their home location, and it allowed them to rapidly disseminate and discuss their results.

Today, the Internet is a free-for-all. Most of the original government sites are still active, but millions of users contribute resources and information and millions of users access it. With no rules to speak of, parts of the Net aren't terribly polite. But it works, and I wouldn't give it up for anything. Incidentally, for those who are concerned about our tax dollars paying for the foolishness out there, direct government subsidy of the Internet ended late in 1994.

Internet ingredients

The first reason to be on the Net is mail. Yes, you already get postal service, and you have a fax machine and voice mail. But there simply is no better way to convey short messages to busy people around the world than Internet mail. Like voice mail or a fax, you can leave information for your correspondents without regard to their travel schedule. However, unlike those methods, Internet mail allows recipients to save the data and use it in their own work by cutting and pasting in either Macintosh or Windows environments. And unlike a fax, they can probably read and reply to your mail from whatever hotel room they find themselves in, as long as they have a laptop computer.

Newsgroups are a public variation on mail. Anyone can subscribe to a group mailing list and get all the messages that other users post. The list of newsgroups changes frequently, and they definitely include a lot of garbage that you will probably have no interest in. (For example, parents of frustrated preschoolers temporarily had a list going called alt.recreation.kill_barney.) But I have found plenty of value in groups such as comp.sys.mac.graphics, comp.publish.prepress, and comp.fonts, among others.

Users will find a few variations on the newsgroup theme. Some groups are completely open, and everyone posts whatever they wish. Some are moderated, in which case someone takes the responsibility of receiving all new messages, distributing those that are meaningful, and spiking those that are either off the topic or counterproductive. And some are just like a magazine in which only one author or organization prepares material and mails it to all subscribers. (As a good start for digging into graphics-related newsgroups, point your "Web browser" at http://jasper.ora.com/comp.fonts/.)

It's hard to believe how many files are available for downloading, which is known as "FTP" in Internet vernacular, after the Unix command for "file transfer protocol." Many of the major software developers--including Adobe, Apple, Hewlett Packard, Microsoft, Novell, and Quarterdeck--maintain FTP sites at which you can grab the latest updates and demo versions of their software. "Anonymous FTP" allows you to get into any of these sites, read helpful text files, and download the updates, patches, or printer drivers you need, without advanced permission. You log in as "anonymous" with the password from your e-mail address (vanhorn@whidbey.net in my case) and select the files. In minutes, those files are on your own computer and available for use. In addition to getting valuable bug-fixes and useful new software myself on the Internet, my daughter found me a nifty Windows cribbage game on an FTP site in England.

Becoming active on the Internet may seem difficult, but it only takes a couple of visits to discover the mind-boggling variety of information you can access. To make your introduction to the Net a little smoother, I've provided a glossary (below) listing some of the terms you're likely to encounter when you go online. Next month, I'll continue my look at the Net by discussing features such as the World Wide Web, providing guidance for attaching to the Net, and identifying tools for working with Internet data.

Go directly to Part 2: October Infiltrating the Internet, Part 2

Internet Glossary

  • Anonymous FTP: Many public FTP sites allow anyone to log in and download FTP files by using
  • the user name "anonymous" and the caller's e-mail address as the password. (See FTP.)
  • Archie: A utility that catalogs the files available on many FTP servers. On the Macintosh, look for Anarchie.
  • ATM: A difficult abbreviation for computer users, it stands for, depending on context, the automated teller machines from which you get cash for pizza, Adobe Type Manager for gracefully using PostScript fonts, and asynchronous transfer mode, which is an important high-speed means to move data between major sites. This last definition is the only one germane to the Internet, but you don't need to know anything about it at all as a user.
  • Baud: The rate at which signals change in a digital connection. Often used incorrectly as a synonym for bits per second (see below).
  • Bits per second (bps): The speed at which data is communicated. You want a lot of them. Inexpensive modems generally operate at 14,400 bps, while the current standard is 28,800. Anything slower than 9600 will be painfully slow for Internet access.
  • Browser ¯: See Web Browser.
  • Cello: A Web-browsing utility offered as freeware by the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University.
  • DARPANET: Predecessor to the current Internet; originally funded with tax dollars that might otherwise have been used on weapons.
  • Domain Name System (DNS): Internet sites are internally identified with a set of numbers. For example, whidbey.com is actually 204.54.92.2. If the numerical address needs to be changed in the future, the DNS will translate your memorable entry of "whidbey.com" to whatever instantly forgettable numerical address is appropriate.
  • E-mail (electronic mail): Person-to-person or person-to-group messages passed over the Internet or other electronic transfer systems.
  • Finger: A utility program that gives certain important information about users on an Internet system. Information varies dramatically from system to system (e.g., try to finger vanhorn@whidbey.com and vanhorn@whidbey.net).
  • Flames: Heated or superheated messages that are often seen in unmoderated newsgroups. The primary reason for staying away from alt.politics.
  • File transfer protocol (FTP): A set of commands used to log onto a network, list directories, and copy files. The protocol itself or numerous programs that use the protocol.
  • Gopher: A program that searches for file names and resources on the Internet. A graphical menu system that makes access to various FTP sites, WAIS databases, and other resources very easy.
  • Information Highway/Information Superhighway: High-level bogosity used to sound connected and informed. These terms are limited to clueless journalists, politicians, and their rightful prey.
  • Internet: The international and impromptu connection of several million computer systems.
  • Internet Service Provider (ISP): A system set up with a direct high-speed connection to the Internet and a lot of modems for local access. The ISP may or may not have additional resources, such as anonymous FTP, Web servers, etc.
  • Mosaic: A Web-browsing utility offered as freeware by the University of Illinois; originally developed by the National Center for Supercomputer Applications at UI's Urbana-Champaign, IL, campus.
  • Netscape: A commercial Web-browsing program created by two of the programmers who were instrumental in developing Mosaic.
  • Newsgroups: See USENET.
  • Ping: A utility that tests the connection between you and any other site on the Net. Ping sends a meaningless string of 58 bytes to the remote site and times the echo, testing both the DNS addressing and the data connection.
  • Plain old telephone service (POTS): What you will use to connect to your ISP.
  • Point-to-point protocol (PPP): The primary method for connecting personal computers to an ISP and, thus, the Net.
  • Server: Any system on the Internet that provides a service. Also specialized components of same, such as a Web server or search server.
  • Serial line interface protocol (SLIP): The predecessor to PPP. Refers to connecting a computer to the Internet through a modem.
  • Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP): The native language of the Net. MacTCP or Winsock are TCP/IP "stacks" that run on your computer and allow your system to speak gracefully to various Net servers.
  • Wide area information servers (WAIS): A system of databases that can be accessed over the Internet and searched by keywords.
  • Web browser: A program that gives access to certain graphic services located on the Net. Common instances are Cello, MacWeb, Mosaic, and Netscape.
  • World Wide Web: A system of graphical presentations revolving around hyperlinks that allow you to navigate between resources at one or many sites.

  • As always, I can be reached at:
    G. Armour Van Horn
    PO Box 1478
    Freeland, WA 98249-1478
    Internet:vanhorn@whidbey.net
    http://www.whidbey.net/vanhorn/home.htm

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